Know How To Darken and Lighten your Colors

One the of the important things you can learn from painting colored value scales is what colors can be added to your base colors to lighten or darken them.  I learned a lot about this while painting my color wheel over the last 3 classes.  Here are some of the basic combinations and if you don't have these exact paint hues, you can substitute another as long as it's in the same hue, value and temperature range.

Cad Yellow Light = Darken with Yellow Ochre, Raw Sienna and Raw Umber
Cad Orange = Darken with Burnt Sienna, Burnt Umber
Cad Red Light = Alizarin Crimson
Permanent Green Light = Viridian
Thalo Blue = Ultramarine Blue
Violet = Ultramarin Blue, Alizarin

Some of the darker colors such as Dioxazine Violet, Ultramarine Blue and Alizarin Crimson straight out of the tube are already a 2 value so not much darkening is necessary. 

You can add Complements or Black to darken these further.  Some say to avoid Black at all costs but if you use it then use it sparingly.

Getting Values Correct: Simple Steps to Getting Values Right.

1. First get a photograph or setup a still life with a light coming from side.

2. You need to squint your eyes in order to simplify the photo or still life.  You want to squint so you see the large masses of light and dark values.  You want to break down what you see into two areas: light and dark.  If you don't then you need to squint harder.  You should see two main areas of value: light and dark. If the light and dark areas are not obvious to you, squint harder.

3. Draw or Paint in your dark value shapes.

4. Draw or Paint in your light value shapes.

5. This will leave the remaining values that are left when you stop squinting.  These are all the values that are in between the darkest and lightest values or the middle values. 

6. You now must determine whether each of the middle values belongs on the dark or light side of the value scale.  Value scales are usually divided into 10 values with black being at one end and white on the opposite end and 8 middle values increasing in range from light gray to dark gray.  Therefore there will be (4) values leaning toward the lightest value and (4) shades leaning toward the darkest value.  Some value scales are simplified even more by only including 5 middle values to simplify the learning of seeing values.

7. It's easier if you use a value finder tool which you can purchase cheaply or you can make your own value finder with some heavy stock paper or cardboard and white and black paint.

There are some other tools you can purchase or make yourself.  You can make your own black mirror or Claude Glass or make your own value finder viewer.